Take a Pregnancy Test to Find Out if You're Pregnant!

If you miss a period and want to quickly check if you are pregnant, before you visit your doctor, try the home pregnancy test. This is is especially convenient for women who are trying to get pregnant. After all, you do not want to go rushing to a doctor each time you experience some telltale sign of pregnancy but are not sure you are pregnant.

When should I take a pregnancy test?
Most women take a home pregnancy test (HPT) when they have a pregnancy symptom or two. For many women the first pregnancy symptom is usually a missed period. You may have other pregnancy symptoms as well. Pregnancy tests are usually good at the minimum on the first day that you miss your period. There are a few tests that are extra sensitive that can be used sooner, but may not be as reliable as if you were to wait.

How do home pregnancy tests work?:
Home pregnancy tests work by measuring the quantity of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in your urine. Once you have conceived, it will take about 10-14 days for hCG to show up in your urine.

Where can I get a home pregnancy test?
You can buy home pregnancy tests at nearly any store, including most grocery stores and major chain retailers like Target® or Wal-Mart®. Many women will also buy bulk pregnancy tests online. These tests contain less packaging, but work just as well for much less money.
How is the test performed?

Try to perform the test first thing in the morning for optimal results, though this is not mandatory.

* Pregnancy tests are usually stored in the refrigerator. So, make sure you bring the test kit to room temperature before you use it.
* Collect urine in a clean, dry glass or plastic container. Ensure that there is no detergent residue in the container.
* Take out the pregcolor card (see image below) and place it on a flat surface.
* Draw out a little urine with a dropper (provided with the kit) and put just two drops in the circular test well that is usually marked 'S'. Do not spill urine on the reading strip.
* Wait for three to five minutes (depending on manufacturer's instructions) and then read the test results. Trying to read the results before the stipulated time or waiting too long, can both lead to inaccurate readings.
Some newly launched pregnancy test kits (for example, Clearview) can be held directly in the urine stream and do not require you to collect urine in a container. These kits are usually more expensive (around Rs 150), Simple Pregnancy Tester will come in 50 Rs .

How do I interpret the results?

1. Look at the regions marked 'C' and 'T' on the test card. 'C' indicates a control. This band must always appear because this is the comparison band. 'T' indicates the test sample.

2. If only one pink/purple band appear, in the region marked 'C', it means that the test is negative for pregnancy.

3. If two pink/purple bands appear, one in the region marked 'C' and the other in the region marked 'T', it means that the test is positive for pregnancy

4. In case no bands appear, then the test is invalid. Repeat the test with a new pack of pregcolor cards after 72 hours.

5. If the line formed in region 'T' is faint, this could be due to low levels of hCG hormone. In case of a faint band, repeat the test with a new pack of pregcolor cards after 72 hours.

Will the test work if I have just missed my period?

In most cases, the test is sensitive enough to detect pregnancy even on the day of the missed period. In some women though, the levels of hCG are not detectable so early in the pregnancy. If the test is negative, you might want to try and repeat it after 72 hours.
It is, in fact, advisable to wait a couple of days to a week after missing your period, before you perform the test. This will help avoid a falsely negative test.

Can the test be falsely positive?

Though very rare, this could happen. Certain drugs, especially drugs used for treatment of infertility, including hCG shots might cause the test to be falsely positive. So could an ectopic pregnancy (when the foetus is implanted in an area other than the uterus like the Fallopian tubes or the cervix), though technically it is a pregnancy.

Pain medication, oral contraceptives, antibiotics, etc, usually do not affect the test results.

What if the test is negative?

If the test is negative the first time you perform it, wait for 72 hours and repeat the test. The first negative result might be because the test was taken too early and the hormone levels had not risen enough to be detected. On the other hand, it could be because of faulty technique. Follow the instructions carefully when you repeat the test.

"If you are experiencing other symptoms of pregnancy and yet your test turns out negative twice, see your obstetrician immediately. "

What kinds of home pregnancy tests are available in the market and where do I buy them?

In addition to Clearview, the other kits available are Pregcolor Card, Pregtest Card and Veklocit. The average cost per kit is around Rs 50.

Home pregnancy tests are usually available at most chemist/medical shops.

What should I do if the test is positive?

If the test is positive do a test at your nearest lab and then visit your obstetrician to confirm the pregnancy and get further medical advice.

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Non - Specific Urethritis (NSU) STDs

Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra (the passage in the penis that urine and semen pass through). It can be specific or non-specific caused by gonorrhoea or chlamydia respectively. NSU one of the most common STDs can be acquired through vaginal sex or, less commonly, through anal or oral sex with men or women. It can also be contracted with out sexual contact. NSU can be caused by a number of different micro-organisms, one of them is Chlamydia trachomatis which is responsible for around 50% of the infections. It is commonly found in the rectum, urethra, conjunctiva of the eye, vagina, cervix and mouth.

Symptoms
Symptoms usually appear 7-28 days after infection.

* White, clear or yellowish discharge from the penis
* Stinging or burning sensation during urination
* Itching, tingling, burning or irritation inside the penis.
* Pain or swelling in the testicles in advanced infections.







Adverse effects
If nonspecific urethritis is left untreated, it can cause complications. It can spread to the bladder which will cause pain during urinating and perhaps some bleeding. It may also spread to the testicles and cause infection or inflammation which will result in pain, swelling and tenderness of the testicles and/or rectum. If NSU spreads to the prostate there will be pain in the groin. Less commonly there may be conjunctivitis or pain and inflammation in the joints. In extreme cases it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease in women and infertility in both men and women.

Tests
A sample of the discharge is taken to detect the micro-organism present. The sample is then examined in the laboratory for signs of infection. Samples should be taken 3 or 4 hours after you last passed urine. Although NSU does not cause symptoms in women, female partners of men with NSU may need to be examined.

Treatment
The infection is treated with tetracycline or alternative antibiotics if allergies are a concern until the infection is clear. It is completely curable but symptoms can reoccur and may require further treatment.
It is better not to have sex until all results of your tests are back and you have finished taking all the tablets. Antibiotics treatment should be given to sexual partners, even if they do not show symptoms and barrier methods of contraception should be used to prevent re-infection.

Syphilis STDs

Syphilis is a complex sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is highly infectious and shows symptoms in three stages. Bacteria which enters the body through mucous membranes during sexual intercourse may be found on the penis, vagina, vulva and in the mouth or anus depending up on the site of infection. Bacteria can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during child birth. This infection can be effectively treated and later stages can be avoided if diagnosed early and treatment is given promptly and routinely.

Symptoms
In the first stage, an infection causes an ulcer at the site of infection; with in a short time the Lymph nodes around the infection and then all over the body enlarges and harden. The ulcer can appear within 10 days to three months after exposure, but it generally appears within two to six week and these symptoms persists for several weeks. If adequate treatment is not administered, the infection progresses to the secondary stage.
Secondary symptoms appear about two months after initial infection and may overlap with the first stage; these include fever, pains, enlarged lymph nodes and a rash usually found on the chest, on the palms of the hands and on the bottoms of the feet. The rash often appears as rough, red or reddish brown spots. In addition symptoms may include sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and tiredness. An infected person who has not been treated can easily infect sexual partners during the first two stages, which usually last one to two years. In the second stage infection can also spread through the broken skin of an infected sore by any physical contact either sexual or non-sexual.

The third and final stage may not appear until many months or years after infection, in untreated people. It comprises the infection of numerous tumour-like masses throughout the body in skin, muscle, bone, brain, spinal cord and the other organ such as the liver, stomach etc.

In infected infants, symptoms may include skin sores, rashes, fever, weakened or hoarse crying sounds, swollen liver and spleen, yellowish skin (jaundice), anemia, and various deformities.







Adverse effects
Syphilis increases the risk of transmitting and acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. The third stage can cause serious damage to the heart, brain or spinal cord resulting in blindness, paralysis, numbness, mental disability and even lead to death.
In addition, a pregnant woman with syphilis can pass the bacterium to her unborn child, who may be born with serious mental and physical problems as a result of this infection. Sometimes symptoms in infants go undetected and as they grow older they may develop the symptoms of late-stage syphilis including damage to their bones, teeth, eyes, ears, and brain. In pregnancy if the infection is left untreated, it can even cause still birth or neonatal death.

Test
Diagnosis is confirmed by taking a swab from the infectious sores and by examining using dark field microscopy in a lab. If syphilis bacteria are present in the sore, they will show up with a characteristic appearance. A blood test is another way of testing for syphilis. Shortly after infection, the body produces syphilis antibodies that can be detected by the blood test. As blood tests may show false results, repeated tests are sometimes necessary to confirm the diagnosis. A low level of antibodies will stay in the blood for months or years even after the disease has been successfully treated. Follow up tests are carried out to ensure success of the treatment. In the late stage of syphilis, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is done to check for infection of the nervous system.

Treatment
Treatment is through administration of penicillin, usually by injection, which is normally very successful. Single dose of penicillin can cure persons who has had syphilis for less than a year but larger doses may be needed for others. The treatment is successful in stopping further damage, but it will not repair any damage already done.
Persons who receive syphilis treatment must abstain from sexual contact with new partners until the syphilis sores are completely healed. Because untreated syphilis in a pregnant woman can infect and possibly kill her developing baby, every pregnant woman should have a blood test for syphilis.

Genital Herpes STDs

Herpes can be caused by two types of virus. Herpes Simplex Virus I (type I) causes labial or oral which exist around the face and mouth. Symptoms may include cold sores (fever blisters) on the face and mouth or herpes sores on the eye.
Genital herpes is a very common, highly contagious and painful STD caused by the Herpes Simplex II Virus (HSV2). This infection is serious since the virus once acquired cannot be eliminated from the body. It can be spread to partners through sexual or other close contact. It is more common in women as warm, moist conditions in the genital region favour infection. Wet or damp cloth or towels could carry the virus.

Symptoms
Symptoms can be mild or severe for different people and may last for several weeks. The symptoms may occur in the upper thighs, buttocks and anus. In men they may arise in the external genitalia such as the penis, scrotum, or testicles and internally on the mucus membranes including in and around the anus. In women in genital areas such vagina, vulva etc. Symptoms include:









* Painful blisters or rashes, bumps, cuts or sores in the genital area.
* Itching, burning, or tingling in the genital area.
* Aches or pains in the genital area.
* Burning sensation or pain while urinating.
* Flu-like symptoms such as headache, fever, and swollen glands in the lymph nodes near the groin.
* Numbness of the vulva.

Genital herpes usually begins with mild irritation in the genital region followed by the irruption of blisters filled with clear liquid. The blisters appear 3-20 days after infection. Gradually the blisters turn yellow, burst and discharge the liquid before crusting over and healing. The attack keeps on re-occurring every two or three months but the frequency and severity lessens with advancing age. During its dormant period the herpes virus lies inactive in the bundle of nerves at the base of the spine.

Adverse effects
Genital herpes increases the risk of cervical cancer and an infected mother can pass on the virus to the baby possibly causing brain damage and /or blindness. It will considerably affect the normal sexual life between partners.

Tests
Consult a doctor at the first signs of any kind of rash or discomfort. The tests for herpes may not give 100% accurate results.

1. The most common method of testing is a herpes culture, which is taken from a scrapping from an open sore. This scrapping is them sent to a laboratory for analysis. This method sometimes show a 'false negative' result. Even if there is actually a real herpes infection, the test fails to identify it. This can be misleading, but when a similar outbreak occurs in the exact same location at a later time you can be more assured that there is a herpes virus causing this infection.

2. Another test is an expensive blood test which include Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) IgG ( immunoglobin) and IgM (immunoglobin) serology( blood) tests. These test check for certain levels of antibodies in the blood. The specific tests involve checking titer (amounts) levels of each immunoglobin, with each being representative of either an old infection or a relatively new infection. This test may also give false results

Treatment
There is no cure available for herpes and the disease goes through cycles of activity and dormancy. Therefore treatment is directed at relieving discomfort and preventing bacterial infection. Anti-viral drugs such Zovirax or Acyclovir may also be useful in treating herpes.
Always keep your genital areas clean to prevent infection. The virus is destroyed by heat so hot tubs are good. Prepare a hot bath 2-3 times daily with some salt added to the water. Avoid touching the sores and then rubbing your eyes or other parts of the body which are susceptible to infection. Ensure that you wash your hands immediately after touching the sores. It is best to refrain from sex when you or your partner is having an outbreak of the disease. Condoms must be used at the other times to reduce the possibility of transmitting the virus. As there is a risk of cervical cancer in women, regular cervical smear or pap smear test should be done. If an infection is diagnosed during pregnancy it is advised to avoid vaginal delivery as the virus can be passed to the baby.

Gonorrhea STDs

Gonorrhea, is a common STD caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is found in the mucous membranes of the vagina, urethra, throat, mouth and anus. The bacteria grows and multiples in the warm moist areas of the body. Gonorrhea is primarily spread through sexual contact (vaginal, oral, or anal). Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted or acquired. Gonorrhea can also spread through contact with infected discharge on clothing, towels, sheets etc. and from mother to child during birth. This infection is treatable and curable if detected early.

Symptoms
The early symptoms of gonorrhea are often mild, and many women who are infected have no symptoms of infection. Symptoms develop about 1-2 weeks after infection and they are:-





In Men

* A pain or burning sensation when urinating.
* A yellowish white discharge or pus from the penis.
* Painful or swollen testicles.
* Painful sore throat.
* Pus containing discharge from the anus with pain and inflammation of the rectum.

In Women

* Vaginal discharge green or yellow green in colour.
* Pain or burning sensation when urinating
* Inflammation of the rectum causing discharge, anal itching, painful bowel movements and bleeding.
* Sore throat in case of oral sex

Adverse effects
Untreated gonorrhea can cause serious and permanent problems in both women and men.
Women with no or mild gonorrhea symptoms are still at risk of developing serious complications from the infection. Untreated gonorrhea in women can develop into pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in which the fallopian tube may be damaged leading to infertility and increase the risk of future ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Oral sex can result in infection and inflammation of the throat and anal sex in the infection or inflammation of rectal tissues. Gonorrhea can spread to near by organs and glands especially the prostate and testes in men affecting fertility. Further complications in untreated gonorrhea are inflammation of the joints, heart valves, eyes (conjunctivitis) and septicaemia (blood poisoning). In pregnancy, gonorrhea can cause miscarriage or tubal infection in the early months. From an infected mother, an infant can get gonorrhea causing blindness at birth.

Tests
Several laboratory tests are available to diagnose gonorrhea. A sample of fluid from the infected mucus membrane (cervix, urethra, rectum, or throat) is taken and send to the laboratory for analysis. Pelvic examination may be carried out to ascertain if there is other damages. Gonorrhea that is present in the male or female genital tract can be diagnosed in a laboratory by using a urine specimen from an infected person. A quick laboratory test for gonorrhea that can be done in the clinic or doctor’s office is a Gram stain. The Gram stain allows the doctor to see the gonorrhea bacteria under a microscope. This test works better for men than for women. Persons with gonorrhea should also be screened for other STDs like syphilis.

Treatments
Treatment with antibiotics is effective against gonorrhea. One very large dose of Penicillin or tetracycline are commonly used, however some strains of gonorrhea have developed resistance to these treatments and other drugs such as ceftriaxone or spectinomycin may also be used. Often Chlamydia and gonorrhea occur simultaneously and are treated together.

It is important to take the complete course of medication prescribed to cure gonorrhea, even if the symptoms or signs stop, before all the medication is over. Although medication will stop the infection, it will not repair any permanent damage done by the disease.
Individuals who have had gonorrhea and received treatment may get infected again if they have sexual contact with persons infected with gonorrhea. Follow up tests are carried out weekly for a month to ensure that the disease has been eradicated and all sexual contacts should be avoided until this is confirmed.

Genital Warts STDs

Genital warts is a common STD caused by Human Papilloma Virus. They occur as small pinkish-red irregular lumps either singly or in clusters. Both men and women mostly in the age group of 15 to 40 are equally susceptible for infection. The vulva and the perineum (area between the vaginal opening and the anus) are the areas most affected in women. They also appear on the vagina, cervix and anus. In men, the warts most often appear on the glans, foreskin and urethral opening. They may also appear on the shaft of the penis, scrotum and anus. Genital warts are extremely contagious. The disease is spread by intimate sexual contact: vaginal, oral, and anal sex. The virus is also easily transmitted when the skin or mucous membrane is already injured. People with weak immune systems will have more widespread infections.

Symptoms
The warts appear between one and six months after infection. Symptoms may be slow to appear and are usually painless and if internal they may cause very few symptoms other than slight itching and mild irritation. Symptoms may include discomfort and pain, to bleeding and difficulty in urination (if they occur in the urethra, penis or vagina) and difficulty in swallowing (if they appear in the mouth or throat). HPV can easily be spread unknowingly by infected people.
















Adverse effects
Untreated genital warts can eventually spread, grow, and multiply into large clusters. These may cause a variety of health complications depending on where they are located. Genital warts are also closely associated with cancer of the cervix, anus, penis, scrotum, and vagina. Infected pregnant women can pass them on to their newborns, causing many potentially serious health problems for the infant.

Tests
External warts are usually diagnosed visually. Internally, particularly in women, the urologist or gynecologist will apply a solution of acetic acid (vinegar) to areas where he or she suspects an infection, causing the warts to whiten and making identification easier. A magnifying instrument called a colposcope may be used to diagnose warts in the vagina or on the cervix. A tissue biopsy or Pap smear may be taken to determine if the warts are cancerous. Both infected women and their sex partners should be tested for warts. Female sexual partner of a man with genital warts requires an annual cervical smear test.

Treatment
Often these warts will disappear without any treatment. There are a wide variety of treatments available for genital wars such as trichloroecetic acid or podophyllin solution which kills the virus. These treatments are applied directly to the infected region and are washed off several hours later. There is a topical cream Aldara for application or interferon which can be directly injected, which is used as a treatment for warts. The warts themselves may require surgical removal by laser, cauterisation, cryotherapy (freezing off external warts with liquid nitrogen) or conventional surgery. These treatments are effective in eliminating the warts but the virus remains. Consequently warts may appear after treatment.

Crabs (Pediculosis Pubis)

Peduculosis Pubis or crabs are insect parasites seen in pubic and other hairy parts of the body. Crab lice are small, light brown, flat insects that can be transmitted by infected clothing, bedding, toilet seats or by sexual contact. They feed on blood and lay numerous eggs throughout their 30 day lifespan. The most common symptom is severe itching in the genital region. These 'crabs' bite their host which results in the appearance of bluish spots in the genital area.
The usual means of diagnosis is a report of infestation by the victim or clinical observation of the symptoms. Doctors or other healthcare practitioners may perform a microscopic examination of the lice and/or nits for diagnosis confirmation.

Treatment
Pediculicide, a mild insecticidal shampoo or insecticidal cream such as Malathion are the most common treatment for pubic lice. Generally this treatment is quite effective. Eyelash infestations are treated with white petroleum jelly ointment for 10 days. Nits and parasites in the lashes of children can also be tweezed out carefully by a doctor. Pregnant women should not be treated with lindane, but with Rid, a liquid pediculicide, which kills both lice and eggs.

Clothes and bedding should be laundered thoroughly in boiling water or dry cleaned. Items that are inconvenient to clean, such as large quilts or blankets, can be stored away from other clothing and bedding for a month; without blood, the lice and any nits that hatch will die during this time.

Anyone who has had sexual contact with an infected person should be treated. Other household members may require treatment if symptoms emerge. Patients are advised to abstain from sexual contact for 48 hours after treatment. A follow-up examination is recommended after one week to determine if any live nits remain.

Chlamydia ( STDs)

Chlamydia is a very common STD, caused by the bacteria 'chlamydia trachomatis'. The bacteria lives in the mouth, eyes, liver, lungs, throat and urinary tract etc. and primarily affects the urethra in men and the cervix or neck of the womb in women. The disease is particularly common among young people between 15 and 25 years and is highly infectious and easily transferred from person to person.

Chlamydia is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse. Using contraceptives such as condoms or diaphragms help to prevent infection. It effects both hetero sexual and Homosexual men. Women with multiple sexual partners those taking oral contraceptive pill may be at increased risk of infection. Mothers with chlamydia can infect their children during delivery.

Symptoms :
Chlamydia is a particularly dangerous disease because there are many infected individuals who experience no symptoms. Symptoms may include:

In men

1. Painful urination, due to inflammation of the urethra. This can be quite a mild symptom and may only last for a few days so can be easily missed.
2. Watery or milky discharge from the urethra.
3. Pain or tenderness in the testicles.




In women
1. Frequent and painful urination.
2. Unusual vaginal discharge.
3. Pain in the lower abdomen due to inflammation of the Fallopian tubes.
4. Pain during sex.
5. Bleeding between periods (in some cases, which indicate that the infection has spread to the uterus.)
6. In infants, there are usually no symptoms at birth, but later may result in Pneumonia when the baby is 2-3 weeks old.

Adverse effects Chlamydia not detected and left untreated can lead to serious complications. Advanced chlamydia can cause infection of the appendix, heart and liver. In women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease in which the fallopian tube may be damaged leading to infertility and may cause Ectopic Pregnancy. It can also cause eye infections. In addition, men risk an infection of the epididymis which may cause infertility.

Test Testing is quick and effective. One of the most common ways of testing for Chlamydia is to collect a cell sample from the infected area (cervix or penis) with a cotton swab, which is sent to a laboratory for evaluation and results.

Treatment
Chlamydia can be cleared with a range of antibiotics taken for 1-3 weeks. All sexual partners must be screened and treated to prevent re-infection. Pregnant women may be treated with erythromycin. They should have follow up tests done if they have failed or forgot to take the pills or had unprotected sex during treatment.

AIDS

AIDS( Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a condition linked to HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus that affects the natural functioning of the body's immune system. It attacks the 'T-cells' which are vital for the body's ability to fight off disease. The virus is found in blood and body fluids such as semen and vaginal secretions. The virus is transmitted mainly by sexual intercourse but can also be passed on when secretions containing HIV is transferred to a body of a non-infected person. One should check for HIV when he/she has contracted one of several diseases indicating a significant breakdown in the immune system.

Symptoms
Symptoms of HIV infection may develop from three weeks to three months after the infection. Thus it is impossible to ever truly know if a partner is infected or not. Infection may initially cause symptoms such as high fever, fatigue, night sweats and swollen glands, dry cough unrelated to smoking or flu, persistent diarrhea or bloody stools, weight loss, fungal infections, vomiting etc. The symptoms vary greatly from person to person. In later stages, further serious infections such as Herpes, Meningitis, Pneumonia and Cancers occur.




Tests
The only reliable way to determine whether or not you are infected with HIV is to have a blood test for HIV done. If you have HIV antibodies in your blood, it means that you have an HIV infection or you are HIV-Positive. Sometimes a person can be an asymptomatic carrier of the virus. They may have the virus but show no symptoms and remain well but eventually after a long period say 8-10 years they succumb to the dieease

How the virus is transmitted

The virus can be transmitted by:-
1. Having sex with an infected person.
2. Sharing a needle i.e. shooting drugs with someone who's infected.
3. Being born when the mother is infected, or drinking the breast milk of an infected woman.
4. Getting a transfusion of infected blood or through contact of blood.

All these can increase the chances of infection. Infection cannot be transmitted by shaking hands, hugging or sharing a toilet seat or towel with an infected person. Sexually active man can minimize the risk of contracting HIV by avoiding numerous casual relationship and always practicing safe sex.

Treatment
There is no effective vaccine against Human Immunodeficiency Virus and hence no complete cure for the disease. Intense research is going on to restore the immune system to normalcy in HIV patients and to find and effective vaccine. Asymptomatic carriers may be treated with anti-retroviral therapy to delay the onset and lessen the impact of HIV infections. Drugs used include Zidovudine ( ZDU) and Dideoxyinosine (DDI) but both have a range of toxic side effects. Other treatment is for the infections and cancers that may arise due to HIV which improve the quality of life of AIDS victims.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs, are infections that can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact and also by contact with infected blood or secretions. Most STDs are curable if diagnosed and treated in their early stages, but some of them are very dangerous that they can even cause death. Some can also lead to related conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical cancer, and complications in pregnancy. Most STDs can be avoided by practicing safe sex by limiting your partners, using condoms etc.

Some Snaps Of STDs







AIDS Chlamydia
Crabs Genital Warts
Gonorrhea Genital Herpes
Syphilis Non-Specific Urethritis

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