Endochondroma (chondroma, Ollier's disease) : What is Endochondroma
Chondroma is a benign (does not spread throughout body) tumour of cartilage. When chondromas form within the medullary cavity within the bone they are called endochondromas. Olliers disease is a syndrome when a person suffers from many endochondromas.
Who gets Endochondroma?
Chondromas mainly affects people between the age of 10 and 30 years. There is an equal incidence of chrondomas between males and females.
Predisposing Factors
Olliers disease is caused by an inborn genetic error that causes abnormal endochondral bone formation. The cause of single endochondromas is unknown.
Progression
Endochondromas have the potential to become malignant chondrosarcomas. In Olliers disease 30% of patients have malignant transformation. Overall 1% of endochondromas undergo malignant transformation. Tumours closer to the midline are more likely to become malignant.
Probable Outcomes
Prognosis for a benign single endochondroma is excellent. See information available on chondrosarcomas for malignant transformation.
How is Endochondroma Diagnosed?
A plain x-ray is the most effective way to diagnose endochondroma.
How is Endochondroma treated?
Single asymptomatic lesions are followed up with x-rays. If lesions enlarge or become painful a bone biopsy may be needed to examine for malignancy.
Regular review and monitor of Olliers disease is required to recognise malignant transformation. Pathological fractures are allowed to heal and the tumour is removed by curettage, and bone grafting may occur.
Endochondroma References
Wheeless textbook of orthopaedics: http://www.wheelessonline.com/index.htmwww.bonetumor.org
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